When was Sandy's Row built? 1691? or 1766?
Did the Huguenots who constructed the Eglise de l'Artillerie completely demolish the previous French chapel standing on the site (Parliament Court, Artillery Street, Bishopsgate was the original address) or did they simply remodel it?
Parliament Court - the original entrance to the Eglise de l'Artillerie is hidden behind the rendered wall on the right.
The original congregation appears to have met somewhere in Petticoat Lane. The Minister who built the original structure in 1691 (Jaques Laborie) did not stay for longer than four years.
Jaques Laborie was apparently disliked intensely by the other French clergy. This man is ultimately responsible for the existence of the church, and thus, the synagogue at this site.
Laborie " was at first an apothecary, and was certainly cut out for an empirick; a stage in Smithfield to harangue a populace into purchase of his pills, was his proper station. It is unaccountable how he stole Orders, and was suffered to carry his quack-eloquence into the pulpit. The news of his ordination startled the French Clergy".
He reached London in 1689, and may have opened the church in Artillery Lane in 1690 or 1691. Laborie shut up shop in 1695, and transferred the lease to the Petticoat Lane congregation, who took over the church and kept its name, although in one source is is called
L'Eglise au Carré de Spitalfields"
Source: Huguenot Society Archives. 79_Vol_XXII_Issue_6_1975-6
It appears the Petticoat Lane community then took over the chapel from its original congregation,and by 1695, we have Cesar Pegorier listed as the 'first' pasteur of L'Eglise de l'Artillerie in its second incarnation.
The ministers who served around the time of rebuilding/remodeling were:
1757 David Henry Durand
1760 Louis de la Chaumette
1762 Jaques Renaud Boullier
1766 Jaques George de la Saussaye
1767 Charles de Guiffardiere
These ministers all departed after a short tenure. Only M. Bourdillon remained fixed in his position from 1731 until the church closed.
The first chapel building on the site of what is now Sandy's Row was built 1691 by Jacques Laborie, and, opened a French church in Parliament Court, near Artillery Lane, under the name of l'Eglise de l'Artillerie Lane, apparently with the permission of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
This building may or may not have been demolished in toto for the 1766 rebuild. It may simply have been remodelled.
This 1799 map clearly shows the location of the Eglise de l'Artillerie off what is now Parliament Court, off Artillery Lane, Bishopsgate-street.
The Artillery Lane church was at the time of rebuilding, associated in some way with the Church of St Jean, Spitalfields. This church was rebuilt in 1765 and rededicated in December 1765, by M Bourdillon, the pasteur of L'Eglise de L'Artillerie.
Maybe this is where the confusion about L'Eglise de l'Artillerie being rebuilt in 1766 ( or 1763 according to one source) arises? I have seen no primary source that refers to any substantial rebuilding.
"if fut question de trouver quelqu'un des Pasteurs du Quartier, pour nous aider a en faire la Dédicace solennelle. On jetta aussi-tôt les yeux sur M. Bourdillon, Pasteur de l’église de l'Artillerie, et ancient ami des trois derniers Pasteurs consécutifs de l’église de S. jean, et on peut le dire, de cette Eglise même. En conséquence de quoi il commença la Dédicace du Temple, le matin premier jour et premier Dimanche de Décembre 1765."
In 1765, when the congregation at L'Artillerie purchased their lease, and rebuilt/remodelled the building, the following publication was printed:
"Receuil des Reglements qui servent a la Discipline de l'Eglise Francoise de l'Artillerie"
Note: another source has the date for this document as 1763, which would be the date that the lease was purchased, not the date of rededication. The Huguenot Society of London has 1763 as the date of reconstruction (The church as rebuilt on the same site in 1763) pg 29 13_Vol_VIII_Issue_1_1905-6. Burn does not quote a source for his 1766 date for the issueing of this pamphlet. Does an original example survive?
Burn is the only source we have for a re-building in 1766.
"The freehold site of the old chapel having been bought by the congregation in 1763, a new chapel was built, which was dedicated on 23 November 1766." This is from: The History of the French, Walloon, Dutch, and Other Foreign Protestant ... By John Southerden Burn, pg 159
Rev. Jacob Bourdillon (born 12 Feb 1704) is the connecting link between those children of the regugees whose recollections of the 'noble army or martyrs' of France made them French in their sympathies, and those more remote descendants who had assumed the boastfulness of a true-born Englishman. In 1731 he commenced a pastorate over a numerous flock of refugee birth, but his jubilee sermon was preached to a few people and to empty pews. This sermon was printed, but is now extremely rare; the late Mr Burn possessed the only known copy of it (I believe): (My note:two copies exist, one in Geneva: Br2844 and the other in Zurich : MM383(1)
" Sermon de Jubile prononce dans l'Eglise Francoise de l'artillerie
en Spitalfields 13 Janvier 1782 par Jacob Bourdillon qui en a ete le Pasteur des de 25 Decembre 1731." T.Spilsbury, 1782. 30 pages.
The final baptism at l’église de l'artillerie was recorded in 21 May 1786, only twenty years after the renovations/rebuilding of the original 1691 structure.
The original 1691 chapel was mentioned in deeds in 1729.
Rocque shows a chapel in this position on his map of 1746.
However, we can see that by 1782, the congregation was already in terminal decline. It was at its height in 1731.
By this stage the French congregations were in decline. As a footnote on pg 263 in the French edition of Smiles observes:
"M. Bourdillon avait vu disparaître un bien grand nombre d'amis durant ces cinquante années Les Eglises du Refuge a Londres avaient perdu cinquante-deux pasteurs, dont six avaient été les collègues de m. Bourdillon. "
He notes in a footnote on page 264 that between 1731 and 1782, the church de la Grande Savoie, De Spring Gardens, de Rider's Court, de La Tremblade, de Castle Street, de Wheeler Street, de Crispin Street, de Swan Fields and de Marylebone had already shut their doors. 1731 is recorded here, as this is the date M. Bourdillon commenced as pastor at L'Eglise de l'Artillerie, and this was his 50th year in the post. His sermon, marking the downfall of these churches is in part recorded in Burn, pg 162
Regarding this sermon - which may throw light on the history of the structure, should we find a complete copy, we find ( pg 277) Google has evidently indexed it, but has not yet published the scan.
Vers le milieu de dix-huitième siècle, le nombre des églises françaises de Londres et de ses faubourgs avait beaucoup diminue, et les pasteurs déploraient la prochaine décadence des églises qui subsistaient encore. Le ministre Jacob Bourdillon, pasteur de l’église de l'artillerie, dans le quartier de Spitalfields, exprima éloquemment ce sentiment dans un sermon qu'il prêcha en 1782, a l'occasion de jubile, destine a célébrer le cinquantième anniversaire de son ministère dans cette église. Il avait été nomme pasteur de l’église en 1731,
au moment de sa grande prospérité et il n'avait plus devant lui qu'un petit nombre d'auditeurs. Les membres ages étaient allés chercher ailleurs le nourriture spirituelle. Toutes les églises françaises avaient eu le même sort. Lorsqu'il était arrive comme pasteur a l’église de l'Artillerie en 1731, disait M. Bourdillon, il y avait a cette époque, a Londres, vingt églises florissantes, dont neuf s’étaient successivement fermées et quant a celles qui existaient encore, les unes touchaient a leur fin, les autres se soutenaient a peine, même avec des secours du dehors, tandis qu'un très-petit nombre étaient capables de se suffire a elles-mêmes. pg 264 Smiles
Smile's The Huguenots, their settlements, churches, & industries in England and Ireland has a footnote in the French edition, that is absent in the original English, regarding L'Eglise de l'Artillerie - namely " cet eglise eut pour pasteurs les plus eloquents de la capitale; on peut citer entre autres :
Cesar Pegorier, premier ministre de la chapelle....
Daniel Chamier
Pierre Rival
Joseph de la Mothe
Ezechiel Barbauld
Jacob Bourdillon
tous hommes célèbres dans leur temps. (pg 529 Smiles)
note: FC MS 12 1709 - 1762 minutes de consitoires.
The items below are in the archives at Kew Gardens (London Family History Centre) and are available for viewing: they should shed some light on the question about the rebuilding - refurbishment.
Parliament Court - the original entrance to the Eglise de l'Artillerie is hidden behind the rendered wall on the right.
The original congregation appears to have met somewhere in Petticoat Lane. The Minister who built the original structure in 1691 (Jaques Laborie) did not stay for longer than four years.
Jaques Laborie was apparently disliked intensely by the other French clergy. This man is ultimately responsible for the existence of the church, and thus, the synagogue at this site.
Laborie " was at first an apothecary, and was certainly cut out for an empirick; a stage in Smithfield to harangue a populace into purchase of his pills, was his proper station. It is unaccountable how he stole Orders, and was suffered to carry his quack-eloquence into the pulpit. The news of his ordination startled the French Clergy".
He reached London in 1689, and may have opened the church in Artillery Lane in 1690 or 1691. Laborie shut up shop in 1695, and transferred the lease to the Petticoat Lane congregation, who took over the church and kept its name, although in one source is is called
L'Eglise au Carré de Spitalfields"
Source: Huguenot Society Archives. 79_Vol_XXII_Issue_6_1975-6
It appears the Petticoat Lane community then took over the chapel from its original congregation,and by 1695, we have Cesar Pegorier listed as the 'first' pasteur of L'Eglise de l'Artillerie in its second incarnation.
The ministers who served around the time of rebuilding/remodeling were:
1757 David Henry Durand
1760 Louis de la Chaumette
1762 Jaques Renaud Boullier
1766 Jaques George de la Saussaye
1767 Charles de Guiffardiere
These ministers all departed after a short tenure. Only M. Bourdillon remained fixed in his position from 1731 until the church closed.
The first chapel building on the site of what is now Sandy's Row was built 1691 by Jacques Laborie, and, opened a French church in Parliament Court, near Artillery Lane, under the name of l'Eglise de l'Artillerie Lane, apparently with the permission of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
This building may or may not have been demolished in toto for the 1766 rebuild. It may simply have been remodelled.
This 1799 map clearly shows the location of the Eglise de l'Artillerie off what is now Parliament Court, off Artillery Lane, Bishopsgate-street.
The Artillery Lane church was at the time of rebuilding, associated in some way with the Church of St Jean, Spitalfields. This church was rebuilt in 1765 and rededicated in December 1765, by M Bourdillon, the pasteur of L'Eglise de L'Artillerie.
Maybe this is where the confusion about L'Eglise de l'Artillerie being rebuilt in 1766 ( or 1763 according to one source) arises? I have seen no primary source that refers to any substantial rebuilding.
"if fut question de trouver quelqu'un des Pasteurs du Quartier, pour nous aider a en faire la Dédicace solennelle. On jetta aussi-tôt les yeux sur M. Bourdillon, Pasteur de l’église de l'Artillerie, et ancient ami des trois derniers Pasteurs consécutifs de l’église de S. jean, et on peut le dire, de cette Eglise même. En conséquence de quoi il commença la Dédicace du Temple, le matin premier jour et premier Dimanche de Décembre 1765."
In 1765, when the congregation at L'Artillerie purchased their lease, and rebuilt/remodelled the building, the following publication was printed:
"Receuil des Reglements qui servent a la Discipline de l'Eglise Francoise de l'Artillerie"
Note: another source has the date for this document as 1763, which would be the date that the lease was purchased, not the date of rededication. The Huguenot Society of London has 1763 as the date of reconstruction (The church as rebuilt on the same site in 1763) pg 29 13_Vol_VIII_Issue_1_1905-6. Burn does not quote a source for his 1766 date for the issueing of this pamphlet. Does an original example survive?
Burn is the only source we have for a re-building in 1766.
"The freehold site of the old chapel having been bought by the congregation in 1763, a new chapel was built, which was dedicated on 23 November 1766." This is from: The History of the French, Walloon, Dutch, and Other Foreign Protestant ... By John Southerden Burn, pg 159
Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London
, Volume 22, pg 592.
Protestant Exiles from France in the Reign of Louis XIV, Or, The ..., Volume 2
By David C.A. AgnewRev. Jacob Bourdillon (born 12 Feb 1704) is the connecting link between those children of the regugees whose recollections of the 'noble army or martyrs' of France made them French in their sympathies, and those more remote descendants who had assumed the boastfulness of a true-born Englishman. In 1731 he commenced a pastorate over a numerous flock of refugee birth, but his jubilee sermon was preached to a few people and to empty pews. This sermon was printed, but is now extremely rare; the late Mr Burn possessed the only known copy of it (I believe): (My note:two copies exist, one in Geneva: Br2844 and the other in Zurich : MM383(1)
" Sermon de Jubile prononce dans l'Eglise Francoise de l'artillerie
en Spitalfields 13 Janvier 1782 par Jacob Bourdillon qui en a ete le Pasteur des de 25 Decembre 1731." T.Spilsbury, 1782. 30 pages.
The final baptism at l’église de l'artillerie was recorded in 21 May 1786, only twenty years after the renovations/rebuilding of the original 1691 structure.
The original 1691 chapel was mentioned in deeds in 1729.
Rocque shows a chapel in this position on his map of 1746.
However, we can see that by 1782, the congregation was already in terminal decline. It was at its height in 1731.
By this stage the French congregations were in decline. As a footnote on pg 263 in the French edition of Smiles observes:
"M. Bourdillon avait vu disparaître un bien grand nombre d'amis durant ces cinquante années Les Eglises du Refuge a Londres avaient perdu cinquante-deux pasteurs, dont six avaient été les collègues de m. Bourdillon. "
He notes in a footnote on page 264 that between 1731 and 1782, the church de la Grande Savoie, De Spring Gardens, de Rider's Court, de La Tremblade, de Castle Street, de Wheeler Street, de Crispin Street, de Swan Fields and de Marylebone had already shut their doors. 1731 is recorded here, as this is the date M. Bourdillon commenced as pastor at L'Eglise de l'Artillerie, and this was his 50th year in the post. His sermon, marking the downfall of these churches is in part recorded in Burn, pg 162
Regarding this sermon - which may throw light on the history of the structure, should we find a complete copy, we find ( pg 277) Google has evidently indexed it, but has not yet published the scan.
Vers le milieu de dix-huitième siècle, le nombre des églises françaises de Londres et de ses faubourgs avait beaucoup diminue, et les pasteurs déploraient la prochaine décadence des églises qui subsistaient encore. Le ministre Jacob Bourdillon, pasteur de l’église de l'artillerie, dans le quartier de Spitalfields, exprima éloquemment ce sentiment dans un sermon qu'il prêcha en 1782, a l'occasion de jubile, destine a célébrer le cinquantième anniversaire de son ministère dans cette église. Il avait été nomme pasteur de l’église en 1731,
au moment de sa grande prospérité et il n'avait plus devant lui qu'un petit nombre d'auditeurs. Les membres ages étaient allés chercher ailleurs le nourriture spirituelle. Toutes les églises françaises avaient eu le même sort. Lorsqu'il était arrive comme pasteur a l’église de l'Artillerie en 1731, disait M. Bourdillon, il y avait a cette époque, a Londres, vingt églises florissantes, dont neuf s’étaient successivement fermées et quant a celles qui existaient encore, les unes touchaient a leur fin, les autres se soutenaient a peine, même avec des secours du dehors, tandis qu'un très-petit nombre étaient capables de se suffire a elles-mêmes. pg 264 Smiles
Smile's The Huguenots, their settlements, churches, & industries in England and Ireland has a footnote in the French edition, that is absent in the original English, regarding L'Eglise de l'Artillerie - namely " cet eglise eut pour pasteurs les plus eloquents de la capitale; on peut citer entre autres :
Cesar Pegorier, premier ministre de la chapelle....
Daniel Chamier
Pierre Rival
Joseph de la Mothe
Ezechiel Barbauld
Jacob Bourdillon
tous hommes célèbres dans leur temps. (pg 529 Smiles)
note: FC MS 12 1709 - 1762 minutes de consitoires.
The items below are in the archives at Kew Gardens (London Family History Centre) and are available for viewing: they should shed some light on the question about the rebuilding - refurbishment.
| Item 1 MS. 188. Amalgamated churches. La Patente, Spitalfields. Proceedings of the Consistory, 1716-1786. Item 2 MS. 187. Deliberations of the joint Consistory of the three churches, L'Artillerie, Leicester Fields, St. Jean Spitalfields, 1695-1709 Item 3 MS. 12. L'Eglise de Artillerie. Proceedings of the Consistory, 1709-1762. Item 4 MS. 316. 1890 transcript of the Discipline of 1641. | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484583 Items 1-4 |
| Item 5 MS. 318. Formulas extracted from the Discipline of 1641 plus addition. Item 6 MS. 18. 1739 transcription of the Discipline of 1641 by Abraham Maillet. Item 7 MS. 249. Formula used on the occasion of the nomination of Elders and Deacons, 1776. Item 8 MS. 297. Ecclesiastical discipline drawn up, approved, and signed by the Minister, Elders, and Deacons of the Church of the French language in London, 1578. | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484583 Items 5-8 |
| MS. 22. "Rules and orders of the conjoint Consistory composed of the combined companies of ministers and elders and of deacons, 1753-1754." MSS. 44. "A copy of MS. 22, with alterations and notes up to 1805, and an addition relating to a petition to the king to approve the appointment of MDH Durand." MSS. 42. Letters concerning poverty and distress, 19th-20th cent. | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484624 Items 1-3 |
| MS. 216. Officers: "Names of members and others eligible to serve the office of deacon, 1762-c. 1800 MS. 50. Duties of elders, 1719-1734 MS. 70A. Duties of elders, 1735-1751 MS. 264. Duties of elders, 1751-1764 | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484624 Items 4-7 |
| MSS. 190. Duties of elders, 1765-1787. MSS. 27, 33, 88. Lists of members. MSS. 230, 308. Register of members who asked for temoignages, 1674-1749. MSS. 214. Banns, temoignages, baptisms, 1708-1861. MSS. 300. Baptisms 1753-1913. | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484625 |
| MSS. 6, 74, 77. Miscellaneous papers. | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484626 |
| MS. 231. Proceedings of the committee for the construction of new buildings. MS. 30. List of members, 1744-1796. MSS. 164, 166-168, 170-171, 198. Contributions. | Family History Library BRITISH Film | 1484627 |
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